Internal Accounts, GL Codes, and Internal Accounting

Chinese source: 内部户、科目号与内部账务
Locale: en-US
Audience: Internal learning

Key Terms

Chinese	English	Usage Note
内部户	Internal Account	Used by the bank for internal accounting, clearing, settlement, and suspense.
科目号	GL Account / GL Code	Use GL wording, not literal translations.
余额方向	Balance Direction	Determines expected debit or credit balance behavior.
手工记账许可	Manual Posting Permission	Controls whether users can manually post to the internal account.
待销账	Suspense Item	A pending accounting item that needs clearing.

Concept

An internal account is an account used by the bank for internal accounting, clearing, settlement, fee posting, profit/loss collection, suspense management, and transition flows. It is not a customer deposit account, but it still participates in accounting entries, balance controls, transaction history, and EOD review.

Customer accounts reflect customer funds. Internal accounts reflect the bank's internal accounting and transition funds.

Internal accounts are usually tied to institution, currency, GL account, balance direction, internal account type, and posting rules. They are part of the bank's accounting structure.

Customer Accounts vs. Internal Accounts

Dimension	Customer Account	Internal Account
Owner	Customer.	Bank institution, GL account, or accounting unit.
Primary use	Deposits, withdrawals, transfers, interest.	Clearing, settlement, fees, suspense, accounting, transition.
Key fields	Customer ID, customer account number, sub-account, product, rate, term.	Account number, institution, GL code, internal account type, balance direction, manual posting permission.
Main risk	Customer rights, fund safety, account status.	Accounting accuracy, internal control, stale balances, reconciliation.

Key Fields

Field	Business Meaning
Account number	Internal account identifier for inquiry and posting.
Account name	Description of the internal account purpose.
Institution	Owning or opening institution.
Currency	Accounting currency.
GL code	Accounting classification.
Internal account status	Whether the account is active, closed, frozen, or otherwise controlled.
Balance direction	Expected debit or credit balance direction.
Internal account type	Classification such as clearing, suspense, fee, income/expense, or transition.
Overdraft allowed	Whether the account can carry an overdraft balance.
Manual posting permission	Whether users can manually post transactions to this internal account.

Risk Controls

• Internal account opening must strictly control GL code, institution, currency, account type, and balance direction.
• Manual posting should not be casually enabled because it increases operational risk.
• Overdraft permission must match the account purpose and policy.
• Internal account balances and transaction history need regular reconciliation.
• Suspense balances should not remain open for a long time; track posting date, clearing date, status, and age.